{"product_id":"boxed-antique-victorian-aesthetic-ladies-cufflinks-rose-gold-faced-w-floral-hand-engraving","title":"Boxed Antique Victorian Aesthetic Ladies' Cufflinks, Rose Gold Faced w Floral Hand Engraving","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eThis is a rare\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e, \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003ewell-preserved pair of late Victorian\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e (\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003ec.1885–1895) \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eladies' cufflinks\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e made of rose gold-faced brass, hand etched with \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003ewild \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003ebriar \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003erose\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003es\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eamidst \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003etightly curling \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003efoliage\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eLook closely and the \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003elush \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003efloral decoration reveals a particularly clever piece of Victorian jewellery making: the engraver has cut through the rose-gold facing \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eto expose the brass beneath\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e. These \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003ecrisp \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003erecessed areas were subsequently \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003egilt using\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e a painstaking process called parcel gilding, which deposited a precise layer of yellow gold into the \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eetched detailing\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e, \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eto create\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e a sophisticated two-tone effect\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e- \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003ea premium hallmark of late Victorian Aestheti\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003ec\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003ePeriod\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003ejewellery.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eThe choice of a simple wild flower \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003einstead of a \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eshowier cultivated garden rose\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e echoes the Aesthetic\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e enthusiasm for natural and vernacular plant forms\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e - as does the graceful and decorative, rather than botanically naturalistic, depiction. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eWhilst \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eEdwardian \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003emachine stamped or engine turned \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003efloral \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003ecufflinks \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eare more common\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e, finding a complete\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e, matching,\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e hand \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eetched pair of ladies' cufflinks in such \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003egood\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e preservation\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e is relatively \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eunusual. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eCufflinks of this type\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e,\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003ereproducing\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003ethe \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003emasculine design \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eon\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e a daintier scale\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e, were associated with the \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\"New Woman\"\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eof the 1890s\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e,\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e a \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003etime\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e when \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003ew\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eomen’s day dress was absorbing elements previously associated with masculine tailoring: high collars, shirt-like fronts, ties and bows, tailored jackets and\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eproper \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003estarched \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003ecuffs requiring links. Earlier\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eVictoria\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003en\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e ladies\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e wore\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e'cuff buttons'\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e -\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e smaller \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003estuds suitable \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003efor \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003esecuring \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e the cuffs of \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003elace or linen blouses\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e - \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eso cufflinks \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003esuch as\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e these were relative\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003ely\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e novel, designed \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eespecially for fastening \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003ethe \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003estiff \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003ecuffs of the fashionable tailored blouse\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e,\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e or shirtwaist\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e, \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003ew\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eorn\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e with a long skirt and belt\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e, \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eand \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eadaptable to everything from respectable everyday dress to office work, shopping, \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003ecycling and active leisure. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eT\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003ehis was\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e the cultural territory of the \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e'\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eGibson Girl\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e' - \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eCharles Dana Gibson’s celebrated young wom\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003ea\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003en of the 1890s repeatedly appear\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003es\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e in precisely this new tailored mode: confident, fashionable, upright, with high-necked shirtwaist, trim waist and long skirt\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e She \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003ewas an idealised American creature\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e, \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003ebut she gives us an exceptionally vivid visual shorthand for the world into which these cufflinks were born. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e'\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eigh-tech' \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003efor their time, the cufflinks' \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003ematerial features\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e offer\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003econsiderable visual sophistication without the cost of \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003esolid gol\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003ed.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eThis was not an attempt to make a crude object masquerade as something grander; it was clever manufacture directed towards a rapidly expanding market for attractive, fashionable and affordable personal jewellery. Their owner might have been a comfortably middle-clas\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003es lady\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e, a young woman receiving a fashionable accessory as a present, or one of the growing number of women earning salaries as \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eprofessionals\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e. What they do suggest is a wearer for whom being properly and attractively dressed in the modern idiom mattered, but for whom solid high-carat gold was unnecessary or perhaps beyond the sensible limits of expenditure.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eThese fascinating\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003ecufflinks\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e thus\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e sit at the intersection of several characteristic late-Victorian developments: industrial ingenuity and surviving hand craftsmanship; new technologies \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003etransforming the use of\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e precious materials;\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eAesthetic \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eideas\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e translated into popular design; expanding consumer choice; and the changing forms of women's dress and public life.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eITEM PARTICULARS\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003ePERIOD\/STYLE: Late Victorian\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e Aesthetic Movement\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eTaken together - the mechanically gold-faced brass, die-blanked and hand finished construction, individually engraved two-colour decoration, Aesthetic-inflected briar rose and dainty chain-linked form - converge\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e to support \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003ethe 1880s to mid-1890s\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e (most likely \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e1890-1895\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e) as the cufflinks' probable date. After 1900, production was increasingly mechanised and hand finishing methods \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eseen here \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003ewere phased out. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eMEASUREMENTS\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eThe faces measure \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e0.67 x 0.34 inches (\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e17 × 8\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e.7\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e mm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e), and the chain is\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e 0.5\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e inch long\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e (gentlemen's cufflink\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003es of this period tend to have\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e longer,\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e0.75\"\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e chains\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e).\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e Combined weight:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e 4.5g.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eFASTENINGS: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eTraditional double-panel construction connected by a four-link \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e0.5\" \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003ecurb chain. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eMARKS \/ HALLMARKS: Unsigned and unhallmarked\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e, but \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003econsistent with Birmingham production of the period. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eMATERIALS: Brass alloy with mechanically bonded rose gold facing (14–15ct); gilt engraving, backs and chains\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eCONDITION: Very good antique condition. The rose-gold facing is well preserved across all four plaques\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e, free of the 'bleeding' often seen in pieces of this age\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e. The yellow gilding survives extensively within the engraved recesses, preserving the two-tone effect, with some expected localised loss to the gilding at high points consistent with age and use. The hand-engraved decoration remains crisp and clearly defined throughout. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eThe gilt wash on the back of the plaques shows light wear, consistent with age and use. The c\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003ehains\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e and soldered attachment points\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eremain \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003estrong and secure. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eThe cufflinks are a\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eccompanied by a period antique hard case, circa 1900, constructed in early \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eblack celluloid\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003efinished \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003ewith a leather-like \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003etexture and \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003emeasuring 3 × 1.75 inches\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e. It has a\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e black velvet interior (recently refaced) and cream silk lining to the li\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003ed, inscribed \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eR.W. Forsyth Ltd, Glasgow — a well-known Scottish outfitter and department store\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e. The box is not original to the cufflinks but \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eis of the same period \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eand\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e provides appropriate period housing and good protection.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eCONTEXT \u0026amp; \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eCOLLECTOR APPEAL\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eComplete pairs of two-tone hand-engraved ladies' cufflinks in this state of preservation — with the yellow gilding still surviving in the engraved recesses and the rose-gold facing intact — are relatively uncommon. These will interest collectors of Victorian jewellery, Aesthetic Movement design, antique women's accessories and historic jewellery-making techniques, as well as anyone engaged with the material culture of the 1890s. Their value \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003ealso lies in \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003ethe legibility of their\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e fabrication - \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003ethe hand engraver's individual touch\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e, \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003ethe two-tone parcel-gilt technique\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e, the traces of 'dressing' and hand made chain\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eremain\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e readable in the object\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e -\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e a precise and unusually well-preserved document of the\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eir\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e moment.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003eAlthough unmarked and unattributable to a specific maker, their construction is highly consistent with the output of Birmingham's Jewellery Quarter in the 1890s: an extraordinary ecosystem of interconnected specialist trades operating within a concentrated area. In this 'Small Master' system, independent craftsmen known as garret masters each focused on a single stage of production. A manufacturer could draw on stampers, chain makers, engravers, solderers, electroplaters and polishers operating as separate workshops. Merchants known as factors distributed raw materials and collected finished or semi-finished pieces for final assembly and retail. A single object could pass through several pairs of highly specialised hands before reaching the counter.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003eThese cufflinks illustrate the system beautifully. The die-blanking, rose-gold facing, hand engraving, parcel gilding and chain making are each distinct specialist operations, and the traces of each process remain legible in the finished object: filing marks along the edges from hand dressing; the clean line where the rose-gold facing ends and the brass begins in the deeper engravings; the hand-soldered chain attachments.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003eThat expanding market was itself the product of profound nineteenth-century economic and social change. Industrial production, increasingly efficient transport and distribution, growing urban retail networks and the expansion of a prosperous and aspirational middle class enormously widened the market for personal jewellery. Jewellery could now be manufactured at many different price points. The distinction was no longer simply between possessing precious jewellery and possessing none: manufacturers could manipulate gold fineness, thickness, plating, mechanically bonded facing and base-metal construction to produce finely graded levels of luxury. Objects such as these cufflinks occupied an interesting position within that spectrum. Their owner did not pay for four solid-gold plaques, but she still received real gold where it mattered, skilled hand engraving, fashionable design and the visual sophistication of two colours of gold.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e✈️ USA DELIVERY BONUS: Fast tracked insured delivery London-USA 4-6 business days. Sent DDP: we pay all USA tax \u0026amp; duties. No surprise delivery fees!\u003cbr\u003eT\u0026amp;C\u003cbr\u003eAll our vintage and antique items are offered in good\/very good, fully wearable condition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll parcels are shipped tracked and insured. If possible, we use expedited services. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUSA items are shipped DDP (direct duties paid) so there are no extra charges on delivery. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur shop is registered in the United Kingdom and has no sales tax nexus in any country, so YOUR PURCHASE IS SALES TAX FREE.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eApart from the USA (where customs tariffs are pre-paid by us), customers are normally responsible for import, VAT or customs charges that apply in their country. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWE are happy to accept RETURNS, whatever the reason: if it's not right for you, send it back to us within 30 days for a full refund of your original payment. Buyers usually pay the return shipping, but please contact us if you need help with this.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eItems will be securely packaged in complimentary gift boxes, accompanied by a dealer's note documenting our historical research. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVintage and antique presentation boxes may be available to source through us - please get in touch if you would like one. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThank you for visiting us! Alice x\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Jewellery Detective","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":59125037007173,"sku":null,"price":150.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0960\/4890\/6565\/files\/P3950413.jpg?v=1788548215","url":"https:\/\/jewellerydetective.com\/products\/boxed-antique-victorian-aesthetic-ladies-cufflinks-rose-gold-faced-w-floral-hand-engraving","provider":"Jewellery Detective","version":"1.0","type":"link"}